Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 20 de 60
Filter
1.
Repert. med. cir ; 33(1): 61-66, 2024. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1552533

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el ataque cerebrovascular (ACV) es común a nivel mundial, una de cada cuatro personas puede presentarlo a lo largo de la vida. Constituye la segunda causa de muerte y la tercera principal de discapacidad. Es importante la atención integral para lograr un impacto en la calidad de vida. Objetivo: determinar la calidad de atención en el manejo del ACV isquémico agudo de los pacientes que consultaron al servicio de neurología en los Hospitales de San José e Infantil Universitario de San José, Bogotá DC, entre enero 1/2019 y enero 1/2020. Metodología: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. El criterio de inclusión fue pacientes mayores de 18 años con diagnóstico de ACV isquémico. La información se recolectó de las historias clínicas, se empleó estadística descriptiva para analizar los datos. Resultados: se incluyeron 411 pacientes, 88,8% sin alteración del estado de conciencia, 26,4% ingresaron antes de las 4,5 horas de ventana para trombólisis, se realizaron procedimientos de recanalización endovenosa a 11,4%. El tiempo puerta aguja tuvo una mediana de 37,2 minutos comparado con la mediana nacional de tiempo que fue 56,5 min según lo registrado en la plataforma ResQ. El 72% recibió terapia antiagregante y estatina 88.8%. Discusión y conclusiones: al identificar los síntomas es importante ser estrictos en el tiempo de atención y la implementación de plataformas para óptimos planes de atención. Se requieren campañas masivas de educación, así como que planes de mejora institucionales.


Introduction: cerebrovascular attack (CVA) is common worldwide. One in four people may have a stroke during their lifetime. It is the second leading cause of death and the third leading cause of disability. Thus, it is important to provide integrated care to achieve an impact on quality of life. Objective: to determine ischemic CVA management quality of care among patients seen at the neurology service of the San José and Infantil Universitario de San José hospitals in Bogotá DC, between January 1/2019 and January 1/2020. Methodology: a descriptive, cross-sectional study. The inclusion criteria included patients over 18 years of age diagnosed with ischemic CVA. Information was collected from clinical records. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: 411 patients were included; 88.8% had an altered state of consciousness, 26.4% were admitted within the 4.5-hour window for thrombolysis; 11.4% underwent intravenous reperfusion procedures. Door-to-needle time: median was 37.2 minutes versus the national media of 56.5 min according to the ResQ records platform; 72% received anti-platelet therapy and 88.8% received statins. Discussion and conclusions: the establishment of a strict time to care and the implementation of platforms to improve care plans, is essential. Massive education campaigns are required, as well as, institutional improvement plans.


Subject(s)
Humans
2.
J. vasc. bras ; 23: e20230095, 2024. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1534801

ABSTRACT

Resumo A embolia pulmonar (EP) é a terceira maior causa de morte cardiovascular e a principal de morte evitável intra-hospitalar no mundo. O conceito PERT® (do inglês, pulmonary embolism response team) envolve seu diagnóstico e tratamento precoce e multidisciplinar. A trombose venosa profunda (TVP) é a sua causa inicial na maioria dos casos e é responsável por complicações como a recidiva tromboembólica, a síndrome pós-trombótica e a hipertensão pulmonar tromboembólica crônica. Uma abordagem inicial semelhante ao PERT nos casos de TVP ilíaco-femoral grave pode reduzir não apenas o risco imediato de EP e morte, mas também suas sequelas tardias. Novas técnicas percutâneas e aparatos de trombectomia mecânica para o tromboembolismo venoso (TEV) vêm demonstrando resultados clínicos encorajadores. Propomos o desenvolvimento de um conceito ampliado de resposta rápida ao TEV, que envolve não apenas a EP (PERT®) mas também os casos graves de TVP: o time de resposta rápida para o TEV (TRETEV®), ou do inglês Venous Thromboembolism Response Team (VTERT®).


Abstract Pulmonary embolism (PE) is the third leading cause of cardiovascular death and the main cause of preventable in-hospital death in the world. The PERT® (Pulmonary Embolism Response Team) concept involves multidisciplinary diagnosis and immediate treatment. Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is the initial cause of most cases of PE and is responsible for complications such as chronic thromboembolic recurrence, postthrombotic syndrome, and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. An aggressive approach to severe cases of iliofemoral DVT similar to the PERT® system can not only reduce the immediate risk of PE and death but can also reduce later sequelae. New percutaneous techniques and mechanical thrombectomy devices for venous thromboembolism (VTE) have shown encouraging clinical results. We propose the development of an expanded concept of rapid response to VTE, which involves not only PE (PERT®) but also severe cases of DVT: the Venous Thromboembolism Response Team (VTERT®).

3.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 83(5): 705-718, dic. 2023. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1534874

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción : El inicio de la pandemia COVID-19, obligó a implementar cambios en el sistema de aten ción de los servicios de emergencia. Coincidentemente, en nuestra institución, implementamos el software de inteligencia artificial (IA), RAPID.AI, para el análisis de imágenes en el ataque cerebrovascular isquémico (ACVi). Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar el impacto del uso de la IA junto a los cambios en el triage durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en pacientes con ACVi por oclusión de gran vaso cerebral (OGVC). Métodos : Se crearon 2 grupos de pacientes con ACVi por OGVC tratados con terapia de reperfusión endovenosa más endovascular o terapia endovascu lar directa. Grupo 1: pacientes de enero 2019 a junio 2020; Grupo 2: pacientes de julio 2020 a diciembre de 2021, estudiados con RAPID.AI. Se analizaron datos clínicos, y métricas temporales. Se compararon según hora de arribo de 08:00 a 20:00 h (diurno) vs. 20:01 a 7:59 h (nocturno). Resultados : El grupo 1 comprendió 153 pacientes y el grupo 2 133. En el grupo 2 la métrica puerta-imagen y adquisición de la imagen fueron menores, con menor tiempo puerta-inicio de imagen y puerta-recanalización; los pacientes en horario nocturno presentaron mayor NIHSS y tiempos inicio-ingreso con menor proporción de independencia funcional a 90 días. Conclusiones : El uso de la IA para el análisis de imá genes junto a un menor tiempo puerta-fin de imagen, permitió acortar el intervalo hasta la punción inguinal. En el análisis por horarios durante la pandemia, los pacientes ingresados en horario diurno presentaron métricas puerta-imagen, tiempo de imagen y puerta-recanalización significativamente menores.


Abstract Introduction : The start of the COVID-19 pandemic forced the implementation of changes in the emergency services care system. Concomitantly, at our institution, we implemented the artificial intelligence (AI) software, RAPID.AI, for image analysis in ischemic stroke (IS). Our objective was to evaluate the impact of the use of AI together with the changes in the triage during the COVID-19 pandemic in patients with stroke due to large vessel occlusion (LVO). Methods : We included patients with IS due to LVO treated with intravenous reperfusion therapy plus en dovascular or direct endovascular therapy. Results : Two groups were created. Group 1: patients from January 2019 to June 2020; Group 2: patients from July 2020 to December 2021, studied with RAPID.AI. Clini cal data and temporal metrics were analyzed. They were compared according to arrival time from 08:00 to 20:00 (daytime) vs 20:01 to 7:59 (night). Results: We included 286 patients, 153 in group 1 and 133 in group 2. In group 2, door-image metric and image duration were lower, with shorter door-image onset and door-recanalization times; patients who arrived at night had higher NIHSS and longer time from onset-to-door with lower propor tion of functional independence at 90 days (mRS ≤ 2). Conclusions : The use of AI for image analysis along with a shorter door to end of image time allowed to reduce the interval to groin puncture. In the analysis by hours during the pandemic, patients admitted in daytime hours had significantly lower door to image, image time acquisition, and door to recanalization metrics.

4.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1535962

ABSTRACT

We describe the case of a female patient with severe acute pancreatitis of biliary origin who presented with clinical deterioration. A thrombosis of the superior mesenteric artery and hepatic artery was identified as the cause, thus creating a rare vascular complication. She was taken for pharmacological and mechanical thrombectomy, with the subsequent death of the patient. Arterial vascular complications are an entity little recognized in the medical literature; they have a high mortality rate and pose a significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.


Se describe el caso de una paciente femenina con pancreatitis aguda grave de origen biliar quien presentó deterioro clínico, y como causa se identificó una trombosis de arteria mesentérica superior y arteria hepática, de modo que se configuró una complicación vascular poco frecuente. Fue llevada a trombectomía farmacológica y mecánica, con el posterior deceso de la paciente. Las complicaciones vasculares arteriales son una entidad poco reconocida en la literatura médica, tienen una alta tasa de mortalidad y suponen un reto diagnóstico y terapéutico importante.

5.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 81(12): 1030-1039, Dec. 2023. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1527901

ABSTRACT

Abstract Over the last three decades, stroke care has undergone significant transformations mainly driven by the introduction of reperfusion therapy and the organization of systems of care. Patients receiving treatment through a well-structured stroke service have a much higher chance of favorable outcomes, thereby decreasing both disability and mortality. In this article, we reviewed the scientific evidence for stroke reperfusion therapy, including thrombolysis and thrombectomy, and its implementation in the public health system in Brazil.


Resumo Nas últimas três décadas, o tratamento do AVC sofreu transformações significativas, impulsionadas principalmente pela introdução das terapias de reperfusão e pela organização dos serviços de AVC. Os pacientes que recebem tratamento em um serviço de AVC bem estruturado têm uma probabilidade muito maior de resultados favoráveis, diminuindo assim a incapacidade funcional e a mortalidade. Neste artigo, revisamos as evidências científicas para as terapias de reperfusão do AVC, incluindo trombólise e trombectomia e sua implementação no sistema público de saúde no Brasil.

6.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 83(supl.4): 89-94, oct. 2023. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1521208

ABSTRACT

Resumen A pesar de los avances en la identificación y reco nocimiento de factores de riesgo del accidente cerebro vascular (ACV) isquémico arterial pediátrico hay escasos avances en el tratamiento hiperagudo. Los factores de riesgo más frecuentes son las arteriopatías, cardiopatías y trombofilias. La confirmación temprana con estudios neurorra diológicos es clave para considerar las terapias de re perfusión, que tienen evidencia limitada en pediatría con buen perfil de seguridad. Existe consenso en la utilización de anticoagulación en patología cardioem bólica, enfermedades protrombóticas y antiagregación en arteriopatías. El desafío futuro será lograr una coordinación entre servicios prehospitalarios y centros especializados en ACV, para mejor manejo terapéutico en etapa hiperaguda disminuyendo su morbimortalidad.


Abstract Despite advances in the identification and recogni tion of risk factors for pediatric arterial ischemic stroke, little progress has been made in hyperacute treatment. The most frequent risk factors are arteriopathies, car diopathies, and thrombophilia. Early confirmation with neuroradiological studies is key to consider reperfusion therapies, which have limited evidence in pediatrics but a good safety profile. There is consensus on the use of anticoagulation in cardio-embolic and prothrombotic diseases, and anti platelet therapy in arteriopathies. The future challenge is to improve coordination between prehospital services and specialized stroke centers to improve therapeutic management in the hyperacute stage and reduce morbidity and mortality.

7.
Arch. cardiol. Méx ; 93(1): 26-29, ene.-mar. 2023. graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1429701

ABSTRACT

Abstract A 53-year-old male patient with history of repaired hernia, who is admitted for 5 days of progressive dyspnea with diagnosis of abdominal sepsis, a computed tomography angiography was made, revealing pulmonary embolism in bilateral main pulmonary artery, and cardiac thrombectomy was performed.


Resumen Paciente masculino de 53 años de edad con historial de reparación de hernia, quien fue ingresado por presentar 5 días de disnea progresiva con diagnóstico de sepsis abdominal, se le realizó una angiografía por tomografía computada, revelando embolismo bilateral arteria pulmonar principal, se realizó una trombectomía cardíaca.

8.
Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 34(4): 524-528, out.-dez. 2022. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1423678

ABSTRACT

RESUMO A embolia pulmonar maciça aguda é a forma mais grave de tromboembolismo venoso, que pode causar choque obstrutivo e levar à parada cardíaca e morte. Neste relato de caso, os autores apresentam o caso de uma mulher de 49 anos que se recuperou com sucesso de uma embolia pulmonar maciça com o uso combinado de oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea venoarterial e trombectomia por aspiração pulmonar, sem complicações decorrentes desses procedimentos. Embora a evidência de benefício do suporte mecânico não tenha sido estabelecida em pacientes com embolia pulmonar maciça, a implementação de suporte cardiocirculatório extracorpóreo durante a reanimação pode permitir a melhora da perfusão sistêmica dos órgãos e mais chances de sobrevida. Diretrizes recentes da European Society of Cardiology afirmam que a oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea venoarterial combinada com tratamento por cateter pode ser considerada em pacientes que apresentem embolia pulmonar maciça e parada cardíaca refratária. O uso de oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea como técnica autônoma com anticoagulação permanece controverso. Deve-se considerar outras terapias, como trombectomia cirúrgica ou percutânea. Como essa intervenção não é sustentada por estudos de alta qualidade, acreditamos ser importante relatar casos concretos de sucesso. Com este relato de caso, ilustramos o benefício derivado da reanimação assistida por suporte mecânico extracorpóreo e trombectomia por aspiração precoce em pacientes com embolia pulmonar maciça. Além disso, enfatizamos a sinergia que deriva de sistemas multidisciplinares integrados para fornecer intervenções complexas, sendo exemplos notáveis a oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea e a Cardiologia Intervencionista.


ABSTRACT Acute massive pulmonary embolism is the most serious presentation of venous thromboembolism that can ultimately cause obstructive shock, leading to cardiac arrest and death. In this case report, the authors present a case of a 49-year-old female who successfully recovered from a massive pulmonary embolism with the combined use of venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and pulmonary aspiration thrombectomy, with no complications from these procedures. Although evidence of benefit from mechanical support has not been established for patients with massive pulmonary embolism, the implementation of extracorporeal cardiocirculatory support during resuscitation may allow improvement of systemic organ perfusion and better chance of survival. Recent guidelines from the European Society of Cardiology state that venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in combination with catheter-directed treatment may be considered for patients presenting with massive pulmonary embolism and refractory cardiac arrest. The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a stand-alone technique with anticoagulation remains controversial, and additional therapies, such as surgical or percutaneous embolectomy, must be considered. Since this intervention is not supported by high-quality studies, we believe it is important to report real-world successful cases. With this case report, we illustrate the benefit derived from resuscitation assisted by extracorporeal mechanical support and early aspiration thrombectomy in patients with massive pulmonary embolism. Additionally, it emphasizes the synergy that derives from integrated multidisciplinary systems for providing complex interventions, of which extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and Interventional Cardiology are clear examples.

9.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 80(12): 1262-1273, Dec. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1439414

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background Stroke is a major cause of disability worldwide and a neurological emergency. Intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy are effective in the reperfusion of the parenchyma in distress, but the impossibility to determine the exact time of onset was an important cause of exclusion from treatment until a few years ago. Objectives To review the clinical and radiological profile of patients with unknown-onset stroke, the imaging methods to guide the reperfusion treatment, and suggest a protocol for the therapeutic approach. Methods The different imaging methods were grouped according to current evidence-based treatments. Results Most studies found no difference between the clinical and imaging characteristics of patients with wake-up stroke and known-onset stroke, suggesting that the ictus, in the first group, occurs just prior to awakening. Regarding the treatment of patients with unknown-onset stroke, four main phase-three trials stand out: WAKE-UP and EXTEND for intravenous thrombolysis, and DAWN and DEFUSE-3 for mechanical thrombectomy. The length of the therapeutic window is based on the diffusion weighted imaging-fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (DWI-FLAIR) mismatch, core-penumbra mismatch, and clinical core mismatch paradigms. The challenges to approach unknown-onset stroke involve extending the length of the time window, the reproducibility of real-world imaging modalities, and the discovery of new methods and therapies for this condition. Conclusion The advance in the possibilities for the treatment of ischemic stroke, while guided by imaging concepts, has become evident. New studies in this field are essential and needed to structure the health care services for this new scenario.


Resumo Antecedentes O acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) é uma das principais causas de incapacidade em todo o mundo, e uma emergência neurológica. A trombólise intravenosa e a trombectomia mecânica são eficazes na reperfusão do parênquima em sofrimento, mas a impossibilidade de determinar o tempo exato de início era uma causa importante de exclusão ao tratamento até alguns anos atrás. Objetivos Revisar o perfil clínico-radiológico dos pacientes com AVC de tempo indeterminado, os métodos de imagem para guiar o tratamento de reperfusão, e sugerir um protocolo para a abordagem terapêutica. Métodos Os diferentes métodos de imagem foram agrupados de acordo com os tratamentos atuais baseados em evidências. Resultados A maioria dos estudos não encontrou diferença entre as características clínicas e de imagem dos pacientes com AVC reconhecido ao despertar e AVC de tempo definido, o que sugere que o icto, no primeiro grupo, ocorre próximo ao acordar. Quanto ao tratamento do AVC de tempo indeterminado, quatro grandes estudos na fase três sobressaem: WAKE-UP e EXTEND para trombólise intravenosa, e DAWN e DEFUSE-3 para trombectomia mecânica. A ampliação da janela terapêutica fundamenta-se nos paradigmas de incompatibilidade da imagem ponderada de difusão-recuperação da inversão atenuada por fluidos (diffusion weighted imaging-fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, DWI-FLAIR, em inglês), do núcleo isquêmico e penumbra, e clínico-radiológico. Os desafios na abordagem do AVC de tempo indeterminado envolvem a ampliação da janela terapêutica, a reprodutibilidade das modalidades de imagem no mundo real, e a identificação de novos métodos e tratamentos para essa condição. Conclusão É evidente o avanço nas possibilidades de tratamento do AVC isquêmico guiado pelos conceitos de imagem. Novos estudos nesse campo são essenciais, com necessidade de estruturar os serviços de saúde para esse novo cenário.

10.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 80(9): 885-892, Sept. 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1420251

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is an extremely time-sensitive condition. The field triage of stroke patients should consider a careful balance between the best destination for the timely delivery of intravenous and/or endovascular reperfusion therapies. The Field Assessment Stroke Triage for Emergency Destination (FAST-ED) scale has been shown to have an accuracy comparable to that of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). However, it has not been tested in the field. Objective To evaluate the accuracy of the FAST-ED scale in the detection of AIS due to large vessel occlusion (LVO) in the prehospital setting. Methods A cross-sectional study of consecutive prospective data collected from February 2017 to May 2019 in the city of Porto Alegre, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil, correlating the prehospital FAST-ED scale scores with the hospital diagnosis of LVO. Area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated. Results In total, 74 patients were included in the analysis. As compared with the diagnosis of LVO upon hospital discharge, the prehospital FAST-ED scale applied by paramedics had a sensitivity of 80%, a specificity of 47.7%, a PPV of 51.1%, an NPV of 77.8%, and an AUC of 0.68 (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 0.55-0.80). Among the patients with a final diagnosis of AIS, the accuracy was higher, with an AUC of 0.75 (95%CI: 0.60-0.89), a sensitivity of 80%, a specificity of 60%, a PPV of 80%, and an NPV of 60%. Conclusions In the present study, the FAST-ED scale, which was applied by paramedics in the field, demonstrated moderate accuracy but high sensitivity and NPV, which are essential attributes for a triage scale. While larger studies are still needed, these findings further support the use of the FAST-ED in stroke triage.


Resumo Antecedentes O acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico (AVCI) é uma doença altamente dependente do tempo. A triagem de pacientes com AVCI na cena deve considerar um equilíbrio cuidadoso entre o melhor destino para a administração rápida de terapias de reperfusão intravenosas e/ou endovasculares.Jáfoi demonstrado que a escala deAvaliação de campo de triagem de AVC para destino de emergência (Field Assessment Stroke Triage for Emergency Destination, FAST-ED, em inglês) tem precisão comparável à da Escala de AVC dos Institutos Nacionais de Saúde dos Estados Unidos (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, NIHSS, em inglês). Entretanto, a FAST-ED não foi testada em campo. Objetivo Avaliar a acurácia da escala FAST-ED na detecção de AVCI por oclusão de grande vaso (OGV) no contexto pré-hospitalar. Métodos Estudo transversal de dados prospectivos consecutivos, coletados de fevereiro de 2017 a maio de 2019, em Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, em que se correlacionam a pontuação pré-hospitalar na escala FAST-ED e o diagnóstico hospitalar de OGV. A área sob a curva (ASC), a sensibilidade, a especificidade, o valor preditivo positivo (VPP), e o valor preditivo negativo (VPN) foram calculados. Resultados Ao todo, 74 pacientes foram incluídosnaanálise. Comparada aodiagnóstico de OGV na alta hospitalar, a escala FAST-ED aplicada em campo por profissionais do préhospitalar teve sensibilidadede80%, especificidadede47,7%, VPPde51,1%, VPN de 77,8%, e ASC de 0,68 (intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC95%]: 0,55-0,80). Entre pacientes com diagnóstico final de AVCI, a precisão foi mais alta, com ASC de 0,75 (IC95%: 0,60-0,89), sensibilidade de 80%, especificidade de 60%, VPP de 80%, e VPN de 60%. Conclusões Neste estudo, a escala FAST-ED, aplicada por profissionais do pré-hospitalar em campo, demonstrou precisão moderada, com alta sensibilidade e VPN, atributos essenciaispara umaescaladetriagem.Embora estudoscomamostras maiores ainda sejam necessários, estes achados apoiam o uso da FAST-ED na triagem de AVCI.

11.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 80(5,supl.1): 60-71, May 2022. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1393930

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Despite there being a robust amount of literature and numerous randomized clinical trials regarding acute ischemic stroke treatment, the trials have not included some frequent controversial situations for which decision-making strategies are an urgent and unmet need in clinical practice. This article tries to summarize the current evidence about some selected situations (mechanical thrombectomy in low ASPECTS, low NIHSS with proximal occlusion, acute basilar occlusion, distal and medium vessel occlusion, among others), make suggestions on how to approach them in clinical practice and show what to expect in acute stroke research in the near future.


RESUMO Apesar de possuir um corpo de literatura robusto e inúmeros ensaios clínicos randomizados sobre o tratamento do AVC isquêmico agudo, os trials não incluíram algumas situações frequentes e controversas para as quais as estratégias de tomada de decisão são uma necessidade urgente na prática clínica. Este artigo tenta resumir as evidências atuais sobre algumas situações selecionadas (trombectomia mecânica em ASPECTS baixo, NIHSS baixo com oclusão proximal, oclusão basilar aguda, oclusão de vaso distal e médio, entre outras), propor sugestões de como abordá-las na prática clínica e mostrar o que esperar na pesquisa de AVC agudo no futuro próximo.

12.
J. vasc. bras ; 21: 20210192, 2022. ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS, CONASS, SES-SP, SESSP-IDPCPROD, SES-SP | ID: biblio-1375808

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: Iliac vein thrombectomy is usually performed via access through veins located in the lower limbs, which makes it impossible to treat the deep femoral vein, which in turn is an important inflow route to the iliac vein stent. We describe a clinical case and the previously unpublished technique of percutaneous thrombectomy, angioplasty, and stent implantation performed in a single session and with a single access, obtained via the internal jugular vein.


RESUMO: A trombectomia mecânica venosa ilíaca geralmente é realizada por acesso em veias localizadas nos membros inferiores, o que impossibilita o tratamento da veia femoral profunda, que, por sua vez, é uma importante via de influxo ao stent venoso ilíaco. Descrevemos um caso clínico em que foi aplicada a técnica inédita de trombectomia percutânea, angioplastia e implante de stent, realizada por sessão e acesso único, obtido na veia jugular interna.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Thrombectomy/methods , Venous Thrombosis/surgery , Femoral Vein/surgery , Iliac Vein/surgery , Stents , Venous Thrombosis/diagnostic imaging , Femoral Vein/diagnostic imaging , Iliac Vein/diagnostic imaging , Jugular Veins
13.
Rev. argent. neurocir ; 35(3): 236-240, sept. 2021. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1426714

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Los aneurismas de la arteria comunicante anterior (AComA) se presentan frecuentemente como causa de hemorragia subaracnoidea espontánea (HSAE), en casos raros se asocian a síntomas visuales por compresión mecánica o ruptura y su tratamiento quirúrgico a menudo representa un desafío. Descripción del caso: Se presenta el caso clínico de una paciente adulta con disminución de la agudeza visual del ojo derecho a predominio temporal, y hallazgos en RMN cerebral y angiografía compatibles con un aneurisma grande de AcomA, asociado a trombosis parcial; se realizó clipaje y trombectomía del aneurisma, la panangiografia de control evidenció exclusión completa de la lesión con posterior resolución del déficit visual. Discusión: El déficit visual por un aneurisma de la AcoA se puede generar por varios mecanismos, uno de ellos es la ruptura del aneurisma hacia el nervio óptico, con la subsecuente formación de un hematoma, adherencias y fibrosis; el otro mecanismo es la compresión mecánica de un aneurisma gigante no roto. El manejo quirúrgico a menudo implica técnicas complejas microquirúrgicas para intentar resolver el efecto de masa y excluir el aneurisma. La terapia endovascular es otra alternativa de tratamiento, pero tiene desventajas respecto a la cirugía. Conclusión: Los aneurismas de la AComA en raros casos se pueden asociar a síntomas visuales, debido a que por lo general se romepen cuando son pequeños, y no alcanzan a tener el tamaño suficiente para generar compresión de la vía óptica. Las técnicas microquirúrgicas ofrecen un método efectivo para disminuir el efecto de masa y mejorar los síntomas visuales


Introduction: Aneurysms of the anterior communicating artery (AComA) frequently present as a cause of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (HSAE), in rare cases they are associated with visual symptoms due to mechanical compression or rupture and their surgical treatment often represents a challenge. Description of the case: We present the clinical case of an adult patient with a decrease in visual acuity due to the right eye with a temporal predominance and findings on brain MRI and angiography compatible with a large AcomA aneurysm associated with partial thrombosis; clipping and thrombectomy of the aneurysm were performed, the control panangiography showed complete exclusion of the lesion. With subsequent resolution of the visual deficit. Discussion: The visual deficit due to an AcoA aneurysm can be generated by several mechanisms, one of them is the rupture of the aneurysm towards the optic nerve, with the subsequent formation of a hematoma, adhesions and fibrosis; The other mechanism is mechanical compression of a giant, unruptured aneurysm. Surgical management often involves complex microsurgical techniques to try to resolve the mass effect and exclude the aneurysm. Endovascular therapy is another treatment alternative, but it has disadvantages compared to surgery. Conclusion: AComA aneurysms in rare cases can be associated with visual symptoms, because they generally rupture when they are small, and are not large enough to generate compression of the optic pathway. Microsurgical techniques offer an effective method to alleviate the mass effect and improve visual symptoms


Subject(s)
Female , Aneurysm , Optic Nerve , Visual Acuity , Thrombectomy , Eye
14.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 79(8): 660-665, Aug. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1339227

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background: The optimal blood pressure (BP) during mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke is currently unclear. Objective: To investigate BP behavior during mechanical thrombectomy in patients with acute ischemic stroke and its relationship with drugs used for sedation or general anesthesia. Additionally, we investigated the association between BP oscillation during mechanical thrombectomy and recanalization status, and with functional outcome at discharge. Methods: Consecutive patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke were evaluated in a tertiary hospital from December/2009 to December/2015. Maximum, minimum, and mean systolic and diastolic BP, and mean arterial pressures were collected during the procedure. Sedative drugs were also reviewed. Results: Fifty-three patients with a mean age of 71.9 years (60.4% men) were treated with mechanical thrombectomy. The mean reduction in systolic BP and mean arterial pressure from hospital admission to mechanical thrombectomy were respectively 42 and 36 mmHg. During the procedure, oscillations were 50.4 mmHg for systolic, and 33.2 mmHg for diastolic BP. Patients treated with neuromuscular blocking drugs had more oscillation in systolic BP from hospital admission to procedure (51.1 versus 26.2 mmHg, P=0.06). The use of cisatracurium (43.9 versus 29.6 mmHg, P=0.02) and succinylcholine (44.7 versus 29.3 mmHg, P=0.01) were associated with a significant drop in BP during the procedure. Conclusions: Significant BP oscillation occurs during mechanical thrombectomy. Drugs used for conscious sedation or general anesthesia, specifically neuromuscular blocking agents, might have an influence upon BP levels.


RESUMO Antecedentes: Atualmente, a pressão arterial ideal durante a trombectomia mecânica em pacientes com acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico agudo não é clara. Objetivo: Investigar o comportamento da pressão arterial durante a trombectomia mecânica em pacientes com acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico agudo e sua relação com os medicamentos utilizados para sedação ou anestesia geral. Adicionalmente, investigar a associação entre a oscilação da pressão arterial durante a trombectomia mecânica e a capacidade de recanalização, além do status funcional no momento da alta hospitalar. Métodos: Avaliação de pacientes tratados com trombectomia mecânica por acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico agudo em um hospital terciário de dezembro/2009 a dezembro/2015. Valores máximos, mínimos e médios da pressão arterial sistólica, pressão diastólica e pressão arterial média foram coletados durante o procedimento. Drogas sedativas utilizadas também foram revisadas. Resultados: Um total de 53 pacientes com idade média de 71,9 anos (60,4% homens) foram tratados com trombectomia mecânica. A redução média da pressão arterial sistólica e da pressão arterial média desde a internação até a trombectomia mecânica foi respectivamente de 42 mmHg e 36 mmHg. Durante o procedimento, as oscilações da pressão arterial foram de 50,4 mmHg para pressão sistólica e 33,2 mmHg para pressão diastólica. Os pacientes tratados com bloqueadores neuromusculares apresentaram uma tendência a maior oscilação da pressão arterial sistólica desde a internação até o procedimento (51,1 mmHg versus 26,2 mmHg, P = 0,06). O uso de cisatracúrio (43,9 mmHg versus 29,6 mmHg, P = 0,02) e succinilcolina (44,7 mmHg versus 29,3 mmHg, P = 0,01) foram associados a uma queda significativa da pressão arterial durante o procedimento. Conclusões: Durante a trombectomia mecânica ocorre oscilação significativa da pressão arterial. Os medicamentos usados para sedação consciente ou anestesia geral, especificamente bloqueadores neuromusculares, podem ter influência nos níveis de pressão arterial.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Brain Ischemia , Stroke/drug therapy , Blood Pressure , Conscious Sedation , Treatment Outcome , Thrombectomy , Anesthesia, General
15.
Rev. colomb. gastroenterol ; 36(2): 206-211, abr.-jun. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1289300

ABSTRACT

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados de la trombectomía más fleboextracción como alternativa en el manejo de la enfermedad hemorroidal externa trombosada. Materiales: Estudio observacional, cuantitativo, retrospectivo, transversal y descriptivo de los pacientes que consultaron y se sometieron a la trombectomía más fleboextracción como técnica alternativa en el manejo de la enfermedad hemorroidal externa trombosada en el servicio de coloproctología del Hospital Militar Central desde el primero de enero de 2014 hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2016. Resultados: Se encontró que 197 pacientes consultaron por hemorroides externas trombosadas, el 71 % eran hombres y el promedio de edad para el grupo de manejo conservador fue de 48,5 años, frente al promedio del grupo de manejo quirúrgico, que fue de 43,2 años. El seguimiento promedio posterior al inicio del tratamiento médico o quirúrgico fue de 16 meses. En el grupo de manejo quirúrgico, la tasa de recurrencia fue del 7,2 % y el intervalo de recurrencia fue 29,2 meses. Conclusiones: Los pacientes a quienes se les practicó la técnica de trombectomía más fleboextracción presentaron una menor tasa de retrombosis hemorroidal, menor tasa de dolor y sangrado posoperatorio. La trombectomía hemorroidal con fleboextracción es una técnica bien tolerada en el consultorio, que se puede realizar sin anestesia, a diferencia del estándar de manejo actual con hemorroidectomía externa en elipse, que requiere anestesia local, regional o general, y una sala de procedimientos quirúrgicos que deja un defecto mayor en la piel por el tejido resecado, un mayor tiempo de cicatrización y de dolor posoperatorio.


Abstract Objective: To evaluate the results of thrombectomy combined with vein stripping as an alternative to treat external thrombosed hemorrhoid disease. Materials and methods: This is an observational, quantitative, retrospective, cross-sectional and descriptive study of the patients who underwent thrombectomy combined with vein stripping as an alternative technique to treat thrombosed external hemorrhoid disease at the Coloproctology Service of the Hospital Militar Central from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2016. Results: It was found that 197 patients consulted due to thrombosed external hemorrhoids. 71% were men. The average age for the conservative treatment group vs. the surgical treatment group was 48.5 vs. 43.2 years, respectively. The average follow-up time after initiation of medical or surgical treatment was 16 months. In the surgical treatment group, the recurrence rate was 7.2% and the recurrence interval was 29.2 months. Conclusions: Patients who underwent thrombectomy combined with vein stripping had a lower recurrence rate of thrombosed hemorrhoids, a lower pain score, and less postoperative bleeding. Hemorrhoid thrombectomy combined with vein stripping is a well-tolerated technique that can be performed at the doctor's office without anesthesia, unlike the current management standard with external elliptical hemorrhoidectomy, which that requires local, regional, or general anesthesia, and a surgical room, leaving a larger skin defect following the resection of the tissue, with longer healing time and greater postoperative pain.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Recurrence , Therapeutics , Disease , Thrombectomy , Hemorrhoids , Pain , Colorectal Surgery , Aftercare , Disease Management , Conservative Treatment
16.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 81(3): 454-457, jun. 2021. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1346484

ABSTRACT

Resumen La flegmasia cerulea dolens es una complicación rara y poco frecuente de la trombosis venos a profunda. Los principales factores predisponentes son los procesos neoformativos, estados de hiper coagulabilidad, insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva, embarazo, inmovilización prolongada y cirugías. Se caracteriza por edema masivo, dolor intenso y cianosis. Sin tratamiento evoluciona con isquemia, necrosis y amputación del miembro comprometido. No existe consenso en su tratamiento, pero éste debe ser rápido, multidisciplinario y agresivo. La anticoagulación con heparina, la fibrinólisis sistémica, la trombectomía percutánea con fibrinólisis local, la trombectomía quirúrgica, la fasciotomía, la colocación de filtro de vena cava inferior y la amputación son algunos de los tratamientos propuestos.


Abstract Phlegmasia cerulea dolens (FCD) is a rare complication of deep vein thrombosis. Its cause is unknown. The main predisposing factors for the disease are neoformative processes, hypercoagulable states, congestive heart failure, pregnancy, prolonged immobilization, and surgeries on the affected limb. FCD is characterized by massive edema, severe pain, and cyanosis. The diagnosis is clinical. It is associated in most cases with pulmonary embolism and can lead to loss of the compromised limb if not treated in time. So far there is no consensus on its treatment. In clinical practice the use of anticoagulation with heparin, local thrombolysis, systemic fibrinolysis, surgical thrombectomy, fasciotomy, and inferior vena cava filter are described. In irreversible cases amputation is required. We present the case of a patient with FCD, the treatment performed and the evolution.


Subject(s)
Humans , Thrombophlebitis/drug therapy , Thrombophlebitis/diagnostic imaging , Venous Thrombosis/drug therapy , Venous Thrombosis/diagnostic imaging , Heparin , Thrombectomy , Fibrinolysis
17.
Belo Horizonte; s.n; 2021. 24 p. ilus., tab..
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, InstitutionalDB, ColecionaSUS | ID: biblio-1379150

ABSTRACT

Acidente Vascular Encefálico (AVE) é a doença mais comum do sistema nervoso central, sendo segunda causa de morte e terceira de incapacidade no mundo. Há previsão de que a incidência de AVE dobre até 2050. Melhorias recentes na terapêutica têm demostrado eficácia na redução mortalidade, complicações e sequelas tardias. Trombectomia realizada em caráter urgente é a medida terapêutica mais eficaz para reduzir a mortalidade e as sequelas, permitindo que cerca de 50% dos pacientes retomem vida independente em até 90 dias. OBJETIVO Descrever um simulador sintético e biológico utilizando placentas bovinas e humanas capaz de reproduzir os aspectos técnicos de uma trombose da artéria cerebral média, o local mais comum de AVE de grande impacto funcional, e descrever as nuances e variações da trombectomia que podem ser testadas e validadas. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS Sete neurocirurgiões participaram da execução dos exercícios de simulação nos quais fora utilizadas 74 placentas humanas, preparadas para simulação de trombectomias em sistema de perfusão aclaradas a manequim. O processo avaliativo constou das seguintes estapas 1 - Validação do simulador: validade de face, conteúdo e construto 2 - Trombectomia microcirúrgica: realização de procedimentos, com arteriotomia longitudinal e com arteriotomia transversal. 3 - Trombectomia endovascular CONCLUSÃO o modelo híbrido desenvolvido mediante à avaliação de Face, Conteúdo e Constructo possua qualidades suficientes que justifiquem sua adoção como subsidio à capacitação de neurocirurgiões em diversas modalidades de treinamento


Stroke is the most common disease of the central nervous system, being the second leading cause of death and third incapacity in the world. The incidence of stroke is predicted to double by 2050. Recent improvements in therapy have been shown to be effective in reducing late mortality, complications and sequelae. Urgently performed thrombectomy is the most effective therapeutic measure to reduce mortality and sequelae, allowing approximately 50% of patients to resume independent life within 90 days. OBJECTIVE To describe a synthetic and biological simulator using bovine and human placentas capable of reproducing the technical aspects of a thrombosis of the middle cerebral artery, the most common site of stroke with great functional impact, and to describe the nuances and variations of thrombectomy that can be tested and validated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seven neurosurgeons participated in the execution of simulation exercises in which 74 human placentas were used, prepared to simulate thrombectomy in a perfusion system cleared on a mannequin. The evaluation process consisted of the following steps 1 - Simulator validation: face, content and construct validity 2 - Microsurgical thrombectomy: performance of procedures, with longitudinal arteriotomy and transverse arteriotomy. 3 - Endovascular thrombectomy CONCLUSION the hybrid model developed through the evaluation of Face, Content and Construct has sufficient qualities to justify its adoption as a subsidy for the training of neurosurgeons in various training modalities


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Placenta , Thrombectomy , Embolectomy , Stroke , Simulation Exercise , Central Nervous System , Middle Cerebral Artery
18.
Acta neurol. colomb ; 36(4): 255-261, oct.-dic. 2020. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1149061

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN PROPÓSITO: La pandemia mundial por covid-19 ha impuesto nuevos retos para la atención de pacientes con infarto cerebral con oclusión de gran vaso, el tratamiento endovascular con trombectomía mecánica es la elección para estos casos. Las recomendaciones que se presentan buscan mantener la eficacia, la celeridad y la seguridad de la intervención siguiendo las nuevas medidas de bioseguridad. METODOLOGÍA: Revisión no sistemática de la literatura de manejo endovascular para el infarto cerebral en época pre covid-19 y durante la pandemia por covid-19. Los aspectos de la intervención, que a juicio de los autores se modificaron, se presentan en forma de recomendaciones narrativas. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron tres fases en el manejo endovascular del infarto cerebral: preintervención, intervención y postintervención. En la primera se incluyen los temas de selección del candidato, la tamización para covid-19, el consentimiento informado, la notificación-preparación del equipo y la modalidad anestésica. En las otras dos fases se hacen recomendaciones generales. Por último, se identifican puntos importantes para la toma de decisiones en el manejo endovascular del infarto cerebral. CONCLUSIÓN: Las recomendaciones pretenden facilitar la adaptación de los protocolos, evitar retrasos y mantener la seguridad de la intervención endovascular en pacientes con infarto cerebral con oclusión de gran vaso candidatos a trombectomía mecánica en época de covid-19.


SUMMARY PURPOSE: The global pandemic of COVID-19 has imposed new challenges for the attention of patients with ischemic stroke and large vessel occlusion. Endovascular treatment with mechanical thrombectomy is the therapy of choice for these patients. The recommendations intend to maintain the efficacy, times and safety of the intervention following the new biosafety measures. METHODOLOGY: A non-systematic review of the literature on endovascular management for ischemic stroke in the pre-COVID-19 period and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aspects of the intervention, modified in the author's opinion, are presented in the form of narrative recommendations. RESULTS: Three phases were identified in the endovascular management for cerebral infarction: Pre-intervention, intervention, and post-intervention. The first one includes candidate selection, screening for COVID-19, informed consent, notification-preparation of the team/suite and anesthetic modality. For the other two phases general recommendations were developed. Finally, we identified key points for decision-making in the endovascular management of ischemic stroke. CONCLUSION: These recommendations pretend to facilitate adaptations of protocols, avoid delays and maintain the safety of endovascular intervention in patients with ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion candidates for mechanical thrombectomy during COVID-19 pandemic.


Subject(s)
Transit-Oriented Development
19.
Rev. argent. neurocir ; 34(2): 124-134, jun. 2020. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1123379

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Revisar sistemáticamente la evidencia de la terapia endovascular comparado con el manejo estándar. Criterios de inclusión: Ensayos clínicos aleatorizados que incluyan a: pacientes adultos mayores de 18 años, haber sufrido accidente cerebrovascular isquémico manejados con terapia endovascular en comparación con manejo médico. Métodos: Se realizó la búsqueda en las siguientes bases de datos: MEDLINE, the Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL); PubMed, HINARI, EMBASE; Cochrane Injuries group y lista de referencia de los artículos. Resultados: La trombectomía se asoció con disminución de la mortalidad (OR 0,78, IC del 95%: 0,63-0,95 p= 0,01), aumento de la tasa de revascularización (OR 6,16, IC del 95%: 4,39-8,64 p= <0,0001), mejoría de desenlace funcional (OR 1,78, IC del 95%: 1,52 ­ 2,08 p= <0,0001). No hubo diferencia en cuanto a la recurrencia de isquemia cerebral ni de la aparición de hemorragia intracerebral (OR 0,86, IC del 95%: 0,51 ­ 1,47 p= 0,59; OR 1,13, IC del 95%: 0,79 ­ 1,62 p= 0,5, respectivamente). Conclusiones: La terapia endovascular comparada con la fibrinólisis endovenosa mejora el pronóstico funcional, aunque se necesitan más estudios.


Objective: Systematically review the evidence of endovascular therapy compared with standard management. Inclusion criteria: Randomized clinical trials that include adult patients older than 18 years, have suffered an ischemic stroke managed with endovascular therapy compared to medical management. Methods: The search is performed in the following databases: MEDLINE, the Central Registry of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL); PubMed, HINARI, EMBASE; Cochrane Injury Group and reference list of articles. Results: Thrombectomy was associated with decreased mortality (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.63-0.95 p = 0.01), increased revascularization rate (OR 6.16, CI 95%: 4.39-8.64 p = <0.0001), improvement in functional outcome (OR 1.78, 95% CI: 1.52 - 2.08 p = <0.0001). There was no difference in the recurrence of cerebral ischemia or the appearance of intracerebral hemorrhage (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.51 - 1.47 p = 0.59, OR 1.13, 95% CI %: 0.79 - 1.62 p = 0.5, respectively). Conclusions: Endovascular therapy compared with the treatment of fibrinolysis improves functional prognosis


Subject(s)
Humans , Stroke , Cerebral Hemorrhage , Brain Ischemia , Mortality , Thrombectomy
20.
Acta neurol. colomb ; 36(2): 110-115, abr.-jun. 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1124081

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN El alteplase es el único fibrinolítico actualmente autorizado en Colombia para el tratamiento del ACV isquémico agudo. El tenecteplase constituye una nueva alternativa de tratamiento en esta enfermedad al ofrecer mejor perfil farmacológico, mayor eficacia con mejores desenlaces mayores, porcentajes de recanalización, y con seguridad similar a la del alteplase. La posibilidad de desabastecimiento temporal de alteplase con disponibilidad de tenecteplase en Colombia abre la posibilidad de su uso en ACV isquémico agudo.


SUMMARY Alteplase is the only one fibrinolytic currently authorized in Colombia for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Tenecteplase constitutes a new treatment alternative in this disease by offering a better pharmacological profile, greater efficacy with better outcomes: like higher recanalization percentages and with similar safety profile. The possibility of a temporary shortage of alteplase with availability of tenecteplase in Colombia opens the possibility of its use in acute ischemic stroke.


Subject(s)
Transit-Oriented Development
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL